Questions, thoughts, ideas, and such, can be sent to the same address, or to the discussion group on Google Groups. Those who viewed such religious doctrines as figments of our own imagination had no alternative but to accept death as an inevitable fact of our existence. At least since the late 19th century, science and technology, as measured by a wide range of indicators, have doubled about every 15 years (Price 1986). Renaissance humanism encouraged people to rely on their own observations and their own judgment rather than to defer in every matter to religious authorities. Human nature is not a bad place to start that journey, but we can’t fulfill that potential if we reject any progress past the starting point. Religious fanaticism, superstition, and intolerance are not acceptable among transhumanists. Why not encourage suicide? Ceremonial burial and preserved fragments of religious writings show that prehistoric humans were deeply disturbed by the death of their loved ones and sought to reduce the cognitive dissonance by postulating an afterlife. (1989), he described what he saw as the signs of the emergence of the transhuman person, in his terminology indicating an evolutionary link towards posthumanity. Yet another route is biochemistry. For example, one important factor in healthy life expectancy is access to good medical care. Weak super­intelligence is what you would get if you could run a human intellect at an accelerated clock speed, such as by uploading it to a fast computer (see “What is uploading?”). Pauvre petite Terre soumise à la mégalomanie impuissante à toute création, mais lisons : The potential medical benefits are too many to list; researchers are working on every common disease, with varying degrees of success. The transhumanist position on the ethics of death is crystal clear: death should be voluntary. Transhumanism is a naturalistic outlook. SPEDIZIONE GRATUITA su ordini idonei Singularitarianism. Posthumans may have experiences and concerns that we cannot fathom, thoughts that cannot fit into the three-pound lumps of neural tissue that we use for thinking. Recentment s’ha celebrat la reunió del Consell pel Futur d’Europa a Madrid. We might not be perfect, but we can make things better by promoting rational thinking, freedom, tolerance, democracy, and concern for our fellow human beings. Won’t these developments take thousands or millions of years? Isn’t death part of the natural order of things? As a species we may therefore be less well prepared to understand and manage this new kind of risk. Changing nature for the better is a noble and glorious thing for humans to do. Some existentialists even went so far as to maintain that death was necessary to give life meaning! If slowing aging were unacceptable because it might lead to there being more people, what about efforts to cure cancer, reduce traffic deaths, or improve worker safety? A key challenge in realizing these prospects is the bootstrap problem: how to build the first assembler. The Age of Enlightenment can be said to have started with the publication of Francis Bacon’s Novum Organum, “the new tool” (1620), in which he proposes a scientific methodology based on empirical investigation rather than a priori reasoning. What types of society posthumans will live in depends on what types of posthumans eventually develop. In practice, competent adults are usually the best judges of what is good for themselves. Recentment s’ha celebrat la reunió del Consell pel Futur d’Europa a Madrid. The completion of the human genome project – a “rough draft” of the entire human genome was published in the year 2000 – was a scientific milestone by anyone’s standards. Those who are already well off would become smarter and make even more money. Cosmology and fundamental physics are still incomplete and in theoretical flux; theoretical possibilities for infinite information processing (which might enable an upload to live an infinite life) seem to open and close every few years. Which one of them is you? In some ways, human minds and brains are just not designed to be happy. If you want to exchange ideas with others, or just listen in to ongoing conversations, you may want to join one of the mailing lists and newsgroups maintained by Humanity+. Institut Berggruen: 26 735 891 ... 189 Yvan Colonna: 26 581 886 883 190 Yin et yang: 26 418 881 2 191 Baruch Spinoza: 26 396 880 18 192 Transhumanisme: 26 217 874 DNA could also serve as a “tag” on other molecules, causing them to bind only to designated compounds displaying a complementary tag, thus providing a degree of control over what molecular complexes will form in a solution. It encompasses such diverse enterprises as brewing, manufacture of human insulin, interferon, and human growth hormone, medical diagnostics, cell cloning and reproductive cloning, the genetic modification of crops, bioconversion of organic waste and the use of genetically altered bacteria in the cleanup of oil spills, stem cell research and much more. The only truly long-term solution to resource shortage is space colonization. Success in the transhumanist endeavor is not an all-or-nothing matter. JB Jeangène Vilmer @jeangene_vilmer Directeur de l'Institut de Recherche Stratégique de l'Ecole Militaire (IRSEM), ministère de la Défense - ce compte et ses tweets n'engagent que leur auteur. – only to see it happen few years later. ); Keep abreast of current research and save some money so that you can afford future life-extension treatments when they become available; Support the development of transhuman technologies through donations, advocacy, investment, or choosing a career in the field; work to make access more universal and to make the world safer from existential risks (see. However, unpredictability is logically distinct from abruptness of development and would need to be argued for separately. It is possible that there are future threats of which we haven’t yet become aware. Some cognitive scientists speculate that we each have a “set point” of happiness, to which we soon return regardless of changes in the environment. One could say that nature has, in humanity, become conscious and self-reflective. If at any point in your indefinitely long life you become bored with the greatly improved world, it may only indicate that the time has come to bump up your intelligence another increment. In this approach, the super­intelligence would not be completely specified by the programmers but would instead have to grow by learning from experience the same way a human infant does. Efforts to reduce existential risks are therefore a top priority. All content is identical to the original, except for changes in markup, formatting, typography, and such. This is the primary reason for the strong interest in life extension and cryonics among transhumanists. Just as we use rational means to improve the human condition and the external world, we can also use such means to improve ourselves, the human organism. A common misunderstanding about uploads is that they would necessarily be “disembodied” and that this would mean that their experiences would be impoverished. Posthuman minds might be able to share memories and experiences directly, greatly increasing the efficiency, quality, and modes in which posthumans could communicate with each other. Les 18 et 19 juin 2013 Salle D 143 Are transhumanist technologies environmentally sound? The heat death of the universe is thus a matter of some personal concern to optimistic transhumanists! Analogously, there might be kinds of smartness that wouldn’t be accessible to even very fast human brains given their current capacities. Stem cell research, another scientific frontier, offers great hopes for regenerative medicine. There is no reason why anyone would want a computer in their home. Needless to say, we should also promote non-technological developments that are beneficial in almost all scenarios, such as peace and international cooperation. Strong super­intelligence refers to an intellect that is not only faster than a human brain but also smarter in a qualitative sense. Pearce argues on ethical grounds for a biological program to eliminate all forms of cruelty, suffering, and malaise. Transhumanists differ widely in the probability they assign to Vinge’s scenario. It would require an abrupt reversal of current trends, an unexpected deceleration, in order for the changes that many transhumanists foresee not to happen within the 21st century. If you got rid of the pain and stress associated with, say, filling out annual tax returns, people would probably not sit around afterward saying: “Life feels meaningless now that I no longer have income tax forms to fill out.”. The goal of creating a new and better world through a centrally imposed vision became taboo and passé; and the horrors of the Stalinist Soviet Union again underscored the dangers of such an approach. An atomic force microscope can drag individual atoms along a surface. Many philosophers who have studied the problem think that at least under some conditions, an upload of your brain would be you. Because of the high incidence of infectious disease, accidents, starvation, and violent death among our ancestors, very few of them lived much beyond 60 or 70. You are currently viewing the International edition of our site.. You might also want to visit our French Edition.. Every hour, through entirely natural processes, vast amounts of resources – millions of times more than the sum total of what the human species has consumed throughout its career – are transformed into radioactive substances or wasted as radiation escaping into intergalactic space. Francis Fukuyama, né le, à Chicago, est un philosophe, économiste et chercheur en sciences politiques américain. That people really strove to live longer and richer lives can also be seen in the development of systems of magic and alchemy; lacking scientific means of producing an elixir of life, one resorted to magical means. In addition to scholarly studies of the threats and their possible countermeasures, public awareness must be raised to enable a more informed debate of our long-term options. Watching football on TV doesn’t really compare to being in the stadium. This kind of deliberation is much harder than simply dismissing cloning as unnatural, but it is also more likely to result in good decisions. I profitti generati devono beneficiare equamente le popolazioni locali e contribuire allo sviluppo sostenibile dei territori ospitanti. They do this by assembling amino acids, one by one, into precisely determined sequences. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. More research is needed, and existential risks in particular should be singled out for attention because of their seriousness and because of the special nature of the challenges they pose. (On the other hand, to “pave paradise to put up a parking lot” would not be glorious; the qualification “for the better” is essential.) Becoming a cryonicist, however, requires courage: the courage to confront the possibility of your own death, and the courage to resist the peer-pressure from the large portion of the population which currently espouses deathist values and advocates complacency in the face of a continual, massive loss of human life. Many transhumanist aims can be pursued with present technologies. Presumably most Asian parents will still choose to have children with Asian features, and if some parents choose genes that encourage athleticism, others may choose genes that correlate with musical ability. Seen in this light, signing up for cryonics, which is usually done by making a cryonics firm one of the beneficiaries of your life insurance, can look like a reasonable insurance policy. Non-local modulators such as neurotransmitter concentrations and hormone balances may also need to be represented, although such parameters likely contain much less data than the neuronal network itself. In many cases, these weaknesses can be overcome through a scientific and humanistic education, training in critical thinking, and interaction with people from different cultures. Of course, this is not to deny that too-rapid population growth can cause crowding, poverty, and the depletion of natural resources. Heavy head-mounted display helmets and lag times between tracking device and graphics update can also cause discomfort. One of the first professors of future studies, FM taught at the New School for Social Research in New York in the 1960s and formed a school of optimistic futurists known as the UpWingers. Isn’t the probability of success too small?”), or chewing nicotine gum for its nootropic effects. Influential early contributors included Anders Sandberg (then a neuroscience doctoral student) and Robin Hanson (an economist and polymath) among many others. It might be possible to use ribosomes to make assemblers of more generic capabilities. Il testo è disponibile secondo la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo; possono applicarsi condizioni ulteriori.Vedi le condizioni d'uso per i dettagli. État des lieux du transhumanisme en France réalisé durant l’année universitaire 2011/2012, ce mémoire passe en revue de manière assez exhaustive l’état du transhumanisme jusque là. Our intelligence enables us to desire new things, such as art, science, and mathematics. One frequently cited work is Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World (1932), a dystopia where psychological conditioning, promiscuous sexuality, biotechnology, and opiate drugs are used to keep the population placid and contented in a static, totalitarian society ruled by an elite consisting of ten “world controllers”. The king might have a carriage with six white horses, but you can have a car that is faster and more comfortable. Molecular manufacturing has the potential to transform the human condition. The problem with this view is that the pre-industrial age was anything but idyllic. The Frankenstein myth (based originally on the novel by Mary Shelley published in 1831, and elaborated in countless forms since then) is one classic, and in general science fiction has been the genre most intensely preoccupied with transhumanist themes, reaching back to Jules Verne and Karel Čapek, through Isaac Asimov, Robert A. Heinlein, Stanislav Lem, Arthur C. Clark, on to Vernor Vinge, Bruce Sterling, James Halperin, Greg Egan, and many others in the field of science fiction. An imprudently or maliciously designed super­intelligence, with goals amounting to indifference or hostility to human welfare, could cause our extinction. 1992), 152f. Some thinkers conjecture that there will be a point in the future when the rate of technological development becomes so rapid that the progress-curve becomes nearly vertical. It would be wrong to unnecessarily let existing people die in order to replace them with some new “better” people. Another way of looking at the same fact is that it means that many persons now enjoy lives that would not have been lived if the population had been smaller. Combien de temps vous reste-t-il ? Humanity+ organizes conferences, publishes H+ Magazine, (did published an academic journal), issues press statements, and coordinates student campus chapters and local transhumanist groups around the world. Live healthily and avoid unnecessary risks (diet, exercise, etc. To build something, all you will need is a detailed design of the object you want to make and a sequence of instructions for its construction. The potential scope of genetic medicine is vast: virtually all disease and all human traits – intelligence, extroversion, conscientiousness, physical appearance, etc. Many kinds, but what examples one would give depends on how one defines “transhumanist art”. How long it will take to solve the software problem is harder to estimate.