As of January 2015, there were 36,681 communes in France, 36,552 of them in metropolitan France and 129 of them overseas. The two communes in the French Republic with the longest names (38 letters): Three digits (department or collectivity) and two digits (commune) for the, This page was last edited on 29 December 2020, at 16:42. Communes can leave the syndicate at any time. European France excluding, The commune of the French Republic with the shortest name is the commune of. French law makes allowances for the vast differences in commune size in a number of areas of administrative law. Civil marriages were established and started to be performed in the mairie with a ceremony not unlike the traditional one, with the mayor replacing the priest, and the name of the law replacing the name of God ("Au nom de la loi, je vous déclare unis par les liens du mariage." The municipal councilors are elected by the inhabitants of the commune for a 6-year term. Ainsi, au 1 er janvier 2016 , la France ne comptait plus que 35 868 communes hors Mayotte , ou 35 885 communes en incluant les 17 communes de Mayotte [ 1 ] . 8.986 million (=13.9%) reside in 25,453 communes that have a population of less than 1,000. All of these communes would have equal status, they would all have a mayor at their head, and a municipal council elected by the inhabitants of the commune. Communities of communes are given the least money per inhabitant, whereas urban communities are given the most money per inhabitant, thus pushing communes to form more integrated communities where they have fewer powers, which they might otherwise have been loath to do if it were not for government money. A parish was essentially a church, the houses around it (known as the village), and the cultivated land around the village. 86.7 percent of the population of metropolitan France. Many rural communes with few residents struggle to maintain and manage basic services such as running water, garbage collection, or properly paved communal roads. Starting from the indexes below you can locate almost every place in France - and certain information - their position on a map, local places of interest, airports and hotels nearby etc. 500 715 habitants. The small Alsace region has more than double the number of municipalities compared to the large and populous state of North Rhine-Westphalia (396 Gemeinden in September 2007). Toutes les informations pratiques de vos communes partout en France.. Vous cherchez les coordonnées de la mairie de Lhéraule ou alors de la préfecture du département Somme? French kings often prided themselves on ruling over a "realm of 100,000 steeples". Cherchez ici votre commune. Following that event, a "commune" of Paris was immediately set up to replace the old medieval chartered city of Paris, and a municipal guard was established to protect Paris against any attempt made by King Louis XVI to quell the ongoing revolution. Unlike most other European countries, which stringently merged their communes to better reflect modern-day densities of population (such as Germany and Italy around 1970), dramatically decreasing the number of communes in the process – the Gemeinden of West Germany were decreased from 24,400 to 8,400 in the space of a few years – France only carried out mergers at the margin, and those were mostly carried out during the 19th century. In exchange for the creation of a community, the government allocates money to them based on their population, thus providing an incentive for communes to team up and form communities. The new, larger, commune of Paris was set up under the oversight of Emperor Napoléon III in 1859, but after 1859 the limits of Paris rigidified. Declared hostility against the French government in exile, â€¦ Collectivités territoriales; Accueil Régions Départements Arrondissements Cantons E.P.C.I. They had been emancipated from the power of feudal lords in the 12th and 13th centuries, had municipal bodies which administered the city, and bore some resemblance with the communes that the French Revolution would establish except for two key points: In the north, cities tended to be administered by échevins (from an old Germanic word meaning judge), while in the south, cities tended to be administered by consuls (in a clear reference to Roman antiquity), but Bordeaux was administered by jurats (etymologically meaning "sworn men") and Toulouse by capitouls ("men of the chapter"). A commune is the smallest and oldest administrative division in France. " It shows the distinctive nature of the French commune as a geo-political or administrative entity. Metropolitan France consists of 35,228 communes at the beginning of 2018. Other examples of retained names in the languages once spoken, or still spoken, on French territory: INSEE (Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques) gives numerical indexing codes to various entities in France, notably the communes (which do not coincide with postcodes). The communes are the fourth-level administrative divisions of France. They usually group into the same commune several villages or towns, often with sizeable distances among them. Mergers, however, are not easy to achieve. Au 1er mars 2016 on comptait 35 973 communes, dont 35 861 en métropole. Several other cities of France quickly followed suit, and communes arose everywhere, each with their municipal guard. In areas where languages other than French are or were spoken, most place-names have been translated into a French spelling and pronunciation, such as Dunkerque (Duinkerke in Dutch), Toulouse (Tolosa in Occitan), Strasbourg (Straßburg in German), Perpignan (Perpinyà in Catalan), and many place names derived from Gaulish or Latin. This is still the case today. By 1837 that situation was judged impractical, as mayors and municipal councils could not be parties in courts. In this area as in many others, the work of the National Assembly was, properly speaking, revolutionary: not content with transforming all the chartered cities and towns into communes, the National Assembly also decided to turn all the village parishes into full-status communes. Our main office is located at Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage, MO, USA. The size of the municipal council, the method of electing the municipal council, the maximum allowable pay of the mayor and deputy mayors, and municipal campaign finance limits (among other features) all depend on the population echelon into which a particular commune falls. Each commune is governed by a mayor (maire) elected for a 6-year term. This "mayor" was called provost of the merchants (prévôt des marchands) in Paris and Lyon; maire in Marseille, Bordeaux, Rouen, Orléans, Bayonne and many other cities and towns; mayeur in Lille; premier capitoul in Toulouse; viguier in Montpellier; premier consul in many towns of southern France; prêteur royal in Strasbourg; maître échevin in Metz; maire royal in Nancy; or prévôt in Valenciennes. A communal house had to be built in each of these villages, which would house the meetings of the municipal council as well as the administration of the commune. Cliquez sur un nom de département de la liste ci-dessous pour accéder à la liste de toutes les communes de ce département.Vous pouvez également rechercher un département à partir de la carte des départements français en bas de page. Liste des communes. Elle constitue l'échelon de base des divisions administratives du territoire français. This meant that Paris had less autonomy than the smallest village. A help for genealogy, with access to departmental and communal archives of France. This article is about the municipal administrations of France. There is nothing intrinsically different between "town" in English and commune in French. Unlike the only partially successful statute enacted in 1966 and enabling urban communes to form urban communities, or the more marked failure of the Marcellin law of 1971, the Chevènement law met with a large measure of success, so that a majority of French communes are now involved in intercommunal structures. (2) Within the current extent of overseas France, which has remained unchanged since the independence of the New Hebrides in 1980. Liste des communes Le tableau suivant donne la liste des communes, en précisant leur code Insee , leur code postal principal, leur arrondissement, leur canton, leur appartenance aux principales structures intercommunales, leur superficie et leur population, d'après les chiffres de l' Insee issus du recensement 2017 [ Note 1 ] , [ 5 ] . In the state of Baden-Württemberg, the number of Gemeinden or communities was reduced from 3,378 in 1968[6] to 1,108 in September 2007. So far, however, local conservatism has been strong, and no mandatory merging proposal ever has made it past committee in the French Parliament. In Italy, the median area of communes (comuni) is 22 km2 (8.5 sq mi); in Belgium it is 40 km2 (15 sq mi); in Spain it is 35 km2 (14 sq mi); and in Germany, the majority of Länder have communes (Gemeinden) with a median area above 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi). The Revolutionaries were inspired by Cartesian ideas as well as by the philosophy of the Enlightenment. By way of contrast, in the German states bordering Alsace, the geo-political and administrative areas have been subject to various re-organizations from the 1960s onward. As a consequence, civil servants and bureaucrats are the ones setting up the agenda and implementing it, with the elected representatives of the communes only endorsing key decisions. Consequently, the Alsace region—despite having a land area only one-fifth the size and a total population only one-sixth of that of its neighbor Baden-Württemberg—has almost as many municipalities. Therefore, when they created the communes, they deprived them of any legal "personality" (as they did with the départements), with only the central state having legal "personality." There have long been calls in France for a massive merger of communes, including by such distinguished voices as the president of the Cour des Comptes (the central auditing administrative body in France). Communes vary widely in size and area, from large sprawling cities with millions of inhabitants like Paris, to small hamlets with only a handful of inhabitants. Communes gather and contribute financially to the syndicate, but the syndicate cannot levy its own taxes. Usually, one contained only a building committee (conseil de fabrique), made up of villagers, which managed the buildings of the parish church, the churchyard, and the other numerous church estates and properties, and sometimes also provided help for the poor, or even administered parish hospitals or schools. [citation needed], In urban areas, the new intercommunal structures are much more a reality, being created by local decision-makers out of genuine belief in the worth of working together. This median area is smaller than that of most European countries. gps.over-blog.com a vu le jour à la suite d’un pari un peu farfelu : photographier les panneaux d’entrée de toutes les communes de France. From 41,000 communes at the time of the French Revolution, the number decreased to 37,963 in 1921, to 36,569 in 2008 (in metropolitan France). Trouvez les coordonnées d'une mairie pour vos démarches administratives, ou alors le plan d'une ville grâce à Communes.com. There are only a few exceptions: Furthermore, two regions without permanent habitation have no communes: In metropolitan France, the average area of a commune in 2004 was 14.88 square kilometres (5.75 sq mi). The whole territory of the French Republic is divided into communes; even uninhabited mountains or rain forests are dependent on a commune for their administration. The following lists give the communes of France within each department: Metropolitan France. In all other French communes, the municipal police are under the mayor's supervision. The median population of metropolitan France's communes at the 1999 census was 380 inhabitants. Les communes de France avec leur code postal et leur code INSEE. One problem is that mergers reduce the number of available elected positions, and thus are not popular with local politicians. Structures with fiscal power. Unfriendly relations with Flanders-Wallonia, Switzerland, Kingdom of Spain and Canada. Today, French communes are still very much the same in their general principles as those that were established at the beginning of the Revolution. The most extreme example of this is Paris, where the urbanized area sprawls over 396 communes. – "In the name of the law, I declare you united by the bonds of marriage."). [13], These impressive results however may hide a murkier reality. In other words, just 8 percent of the French population live in 57 percent of its communes, whilst 92 percent are concentrated in the remaining 43 percent. The municipal arrondissement is the only administrative unit below the commune in the French Republic, but existing only in these three communes. Un an plus tard : 1 852 panneaux agrémentaient déjà le blog, plus de 30 personnes avaient adhéré à l’idée et contribuaient régulièrement à enrichir ce blog participatif. [1] "Commune" in English has a historical bias, and implies an association with socialist political movements or philosophies, collectivist lifestyles, or particular history (after the rising of the Paris Commune, 1871, which could have more felicitously been called, in English, "the rising of the City of Paris"). Annuaire des villes et mairies de France. Since the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts of 1539 by Francis I, the priest in charge of the parish was also required to record baptisms, marriages, and burials. It would take Napoleon I to re-establish peace in France, stabilize the new administrative system, and make it generally accepted by the population. [citation needed], Moreover, intercommunal structures in many urban areas are still new, and fragile: Tensions exist between communes; the city at the center of the urban area often is suspected of wishing to dominate the suburban communes; communes from opposing political sides also may be suspicious of each other. La liste des 36682 communes regroupées par département est consultable dans le menu ville ou via la recherche au dessus de la carte. These abrupt changes profoundly alienated devout Catholics, and France soon was plunged into the throes of civil war, with the fervently religious regions of western France at its center. Napoleon also abolished the election of the municipal councils, which now were chosen by the prefect, the local representative of the central government. Par exemple, les enregistrements avec comme valeur "2018" dans le champ Année correspondent aux communes françaises existantes au 1er Janvier 2018. The Chevènement law has been extremely successful in the sense that a majority of French communes now have joined the new intercommunal structures. Contribute to high54/Communes-France-JSON development by creating an account on GitHub. The United Kingdom has no exact equivalent, as communes resemble districts in urban areas, but are closer to parishes in rural areas where UK districts are much larger. However, in many places local feuds have arisen, and it was not possible to set up an intercommunal structure for the whole of the urban area: some communes refusing to take part in it, or even creating their own structure. The Paris Commune was a popular-led democratic government that ruled Paris from March 18 to May 28, 1871. Moreover, citizens from one village may be unwilling to have their local services run by an executive located in another village, whom they may consider unaware of or inattentive to their local needs. In metropolitan France 57 percent of the 36,683 communes[5] have fewer than 500 inhabitants and, with 4,638,000 inhabitants, these smaller communes constitute just 7.7 percent of the total population. Communes typically are based on pre-existing villages and facilitate local governance. 2 229 621 habitants. Liste des communes. Un même code postal peut correspondre à plusieurs communes, alors que le code INSEE est unique pour chaque commune. 855 393 habitants. The median area is a better measure of the area of a typical French commune. Except for the municipal arrondissements of its largest cities, the communes are the lowest level of administrative division in France and are governed by elected officials (mayor and a "conseil municipal") with extensive autonomous powers to implement national policy. Again this is a very small number, and here France stands absolutely apart in Europe, with the lowest communes' median population of all the European countries (communes in Switzerland or Rhineland-Palatinate may have a smaller surface area, as mentioned above, but they are more populated). La liste des communes par département est accessible en cliquant sur le nombre de communes du département. There are about 36,000 communes in total across the country. For the government of Paris in 1871, see, France territorial subdivision for municipalities, A request that this article title be changed to, Communes farthest away from the capital city of France, Learn how and when to remove this template message, French villages destroyed in the First World War, Saint-Remy-en-Bouzemont-Saint-Genest-et-Isson, Beaujeu-Saint-Vallier-Pierrejux-et-Quitteur, List of fifteen largest French metropolitan areas by population, Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques, "Code officiel géographique — Présentation", Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, "Code des collectivités d'outre-mer (COM)", "Le code officiel géographique (COG), avant, pendant et autour (Version 3, volume 1)", "Circonscriptions administratives au 1er janvier 2015 : comparaisons régionales", "25 Jahre Gemeindereform Baden-Württemberg; hier: Neuordnung der Gemeinden", "Statistique des communes (fin de l'Ancien Régime et xixe siècle)", Direction générale des collectivités locales (DGCL), Ministry of the Interior, "Répartition des EPCI à fiscalité propre par département au 01/01/2007", Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2017, Le développement de l'intercommunalité: la révolution discrète, Complete lists of cities and municipalities in France, List of administrative divisions by country, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communes_of_France&oldid=997013785, Fourth-level administrative country subdivisions, Articles that may contain original research from January 2015, All articles that may contain original research, Articles needing additional references from April 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from November 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, these municipal bodies were not democratic; they were usually in the hands of some rich bourgeois families upon whom, over time, nobility had been conferred, so they can be better labeled as. Alsace, with an area of 8,280 km2 (3,200 sq mi), and now part of the Région Grand Est, used to be the smallest of the regions of metropolitan France, and still has no fewer than 904 communes. These municipal arrondissements are not to be confused with the arrondissements that are subdivisions of French départements: French communes are considered legal entities, whereas municipal arrondissements, by contrast, have no official capacity and no budget of their own. Foundation for Intentional Community (FIC) is a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Paris Département : Paris (Île-de-France). French administrative divisions, however, have remained extremely rigid and unchanged. In some urban areas like Marseille there exist four distinct intercommunal structures! En France, la commune est une collectivité territoriale1, consistant en un territoire administré par une municipalité, formée par un conseil municipal, le maire ainsi que, le cas échéant, un ou plusieurs adjoints. Syndicates can be set up for a particular purpose or to deal with several simultaneous matters. Ce tableau liste les communes de France de 30 000 habitants et plus en 2011 sur la base du décret no 2013-1289 du 27 décembre 2013 authentifiant les chiffres des populations de métropole, des départements d'outre-mer, de Saint-Barthélemy, de Saint-Martin et de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon6. Thus, in Europe, only Switzerland has as high a density of communes as France, and even there an extensive merger movement has started in the last 10 years. (1) Within the current limits of metropolitan France, which existed between 1860 and 1871 and from 1919 to today. Even after Paris regained the right to elect its own mayor in 1977, the central government retained control of the Paris police. [citation needed], One major often raised problem with intercommunality, is the fact that the intercommunal structures are not subject to directly election by the people, so it is the representatives of each individual commune that sit in the new structure. 24.6 million people (= 38.2%; 2016 population) live in 434 communes with at least 20,000 inhabitants. Almost every town or village you have ever heard of in France is a commune, although occasionally very small places are part of an adjoining commune, or a cluster of scattered small villages might have different village names but share the same commune name (this will be marked on the village signpost as you enter). Liste des 1707 communes de Franche-Comté, avec leur intercommunalités, leur canton, leur bassin de vie, leur code postal, population 2020. Priests were forced to surrender their centuries-old baptism, marriage, and burial books, which were deposited in the mairies. ④ Route planner Les trois plus importantes communes, Paris, Lyon et Marseille, ont un statut particulier vis…