French lawmakers having long been aware of the inadequacy of the communal structure inherited from the French Revolution for dealing with a number of practical matters, the so-called Chevènement law of 12 July 1999 is the most recent and most thoroughgoing measure aimed at strengthening and simplifying this principle. Une aide pour la généalogie, avec accès aux archives départementales et communales de France. Major Cities Today, French communes are still very much the same in their general principles as those that were established at the beginning of the Revolution. By 1837 that situation was judged impractical, as mayors and municipal councils could not be parties in courts. The median area of metropolitan France's communes at the 1999 census was even smaller, at 10.73 square kilometres (4.14 sq mi). Except for these tasks, villages were left to handle other issues as they pleased. Administration territoriale de la France. Second, the United States, with a territory fourteen times larger than that of the French Republic, and nearly five times its population, had 35,937 incorporated municipalities and townships at the 2002 Census of Governments, fewer than that of the French Republic. Today about 90 percent of communes and departments are exactly the same as those designed at the time of the French Revolution more than 200 years ago, with the same limits. In this area as in many others, the work of the National Assembly was, properly speaking, revolutionary: not content with transforming all the chartered cities and towns into communes, the National Assembly also decided to turn all the village parishes into full-status communes. This meant that Paris had less autonomy than the smallest village. [citation needed], In urban areas, the new intercommunal structures are much more a reality, being created by local decision-makers out of genuine belief in the worth of working together. [citation needed], One major often raised problem with intercommunality, is the fact that the intercommunal structures are not subject to directly election by the people, so it is the representatives of each individual commune that sit in the new structure. Some in the National Assembly were opposed to such a fragmentation of France into thousands of communes, but eventually Mirabeau and his ideas of one commune for each parish prevailed. As of January 2015, there were 36,681 communes in France, 36,552 of them in metropolitan France and 129 of them overseas. In exchange for the creation of a community, the government allocates money to them based on their population, thus providing an incentive for communes to team up and form communities. In the state of Baden-Württemberg, the number of Gemeinden or communities was reduced from 3,378 in 1968[6] to 1,108 in September 2007. As for Paris, no intercommunal structure has emerged there, the suburbs of Paris fearing the concept of a "Greater Paris," and so disunity still is the rule in the metropolitan area, with the suburbs of Paris creating many different intercommunal structures all without the city. In many places, the local feudal lord (seigneur) still had a major influence in the village's affairs, collecting taxes from tenant-villagers and ordering them to work the corvée, controlling which fields were to be used and when, and how much of the harvest should be given to him. In addition, it offered central government finance aimed at encouraging further communes to join together in intercommunal structures. In Italy, the median area of communes (comuni) is 22 km2 (8.5 sq mi); in Belgium it is 40 km2 (15 sq mi); in Spain it is 35 km2 (14 sq mi); and in Germany, the majority of Länder have communes (Gemeinden) with a median area above 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi). 2018-12-27. ⑤ Places (by dept. Ce jeu de données détaille la liste des communes existantes françaises. These abrupt changes profoundly alienated devout Catholics, and France soon was plunged into the throes of civil war, with the fervently religious regions of western France at its center. Before the revolution, France's lowest level of administrative division was the parish (paroisse), and there were up to 60,000 of them in the kingdom. (2) Within the current extent of overseas France, which has remained unchanged since the independence of the New Hebrides in 1980. The communes are the fourth-level administrative divisions of France. The Chevènement law has been extremely successful in the sense that a majority of French communes now have joined the new intercommunal structures. Following that event, a "commune" of Paris was immediately set up to replace the old medieval chartered city of Paris, and a municipal guard was established to protect Paris against any attempt made by King Louis XVI to quell the ongoing revolution. ② Maps of France In areas where languages other than French are or were spoken, most place-names have been translated into a French spelling and pronunciation, such as Dunkerque (Duinkerke in Dutch), Toulouse (Tolosa in Occitan), Strasbourg (Straßburg in German), Perpignan (Perpinyà in Catalan), and many place names derived from Gaulish or Latin. Toutes les informations pratiques de vos communes partout en France.. Vous cherchez les coordonnées de la mairie de Lhéraule ou alors de la préfecture du département Somme? ), Alpes-de-Haute-Provence communes & places. Communes gather and contribute financially to the syndicate, but the syndicate cannot levy its own taxes. In some urban areas like Marseille there exist four distinct intercommunal structures! Most of the communes in Alsace, along with those in other regions of France, have rejected the central government's calls for mergers and rationalization. This median area is smaller than that of most European countries. Les communes de France avec leur code postal et leur code INSEE. The Paris Commune was a popular-led democratic government that ruled Paris from March 18 to May 28, 1871. With its 904 communes, Alsace has three times as many municipalities as Sweden, which has a much larger territory covering 449,964 km2 (173,732 sq mi) and yet is divided into only 290 municipalities (kommuner). A help for genealogy, with access to departmental and communal archives of France. ③ Explore by region French administrative divisions, however, have remained extremely rigid and unchanged. La célèbre commune de MontCuq, popularisée dans les années 1970 grâce à un sketch de Pierre Bonte avec Daniel Prévost pour l'émission satirique Le Petit Rapporteur, ne fait plus partie de la liste officielle des communes françaises. The biggest changes occurred in 1831, when the French Parliament re-established the principle of the election of municipal councils, and in 1837 when French communes were given legal "personality," being now considered legal entities with legal capacity. Lyon Département : Rhône (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes). In rural areas, many communes have entered a community of communes only to benefit from government funds. There have long been calls in France for a massive merger of communes, including by such distinguished voices as the president of the Cour des Comptes (the central auditing administrative body in France). Despite enormous differences in population, each of the communes of the French Republic possess a mayor (maire) and a municipal council (conseil municipal), which jointly manage the commune from the municipal hall (mairie), with exactly the same powers no matter the size of the commune. Even after Paris regained the right to elect its own mayor in 1977, the central government retained control of the Paris police. The Chevènement law tidied up all these practices, abolishing some structures and creating new ones. However, for certain purposes there was one échevin or consul ranking above the others, a sort of mayor, although not with the same authority and executive powers as a modern mayor. Napoleon also abolished the election of the municipal councils, which now were chosen by the prefect, the local representative of the central government. We can help you visit any town, village or region of France... ① Ideas & inspiration In all other French communes, the municipal police are under the mayor's supervision. Suburban communes often team up with the city at the core of their urban area to form a community charged with managing public transport or even administering the collection of local taxes. Toggle navigation france.comersis.com Nouvelles cartes Many rural communes with few residents struggle to maintain and manage basic services such as running water, garbage collection, or properly paved communal roads. From 1794 to 1977—except for a few months in 1848 and 1870-1871—Paris had no mayor and was thus directly controlled by the departmental prefect. This small median population of French communes can be compared with Italy, where the median population of communes in 2001 was 2,343 inhabitants, Belgium (11,265 inhabitants), or even Spain (564 inhabitants). The median area is a better measure of the area of a typical French commune. The French word commune appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin communia, for a large gathering of people sharing a common life; from Latin communis, 'things held in common'. Thus, they set out to establish administrative divisions that would be uniform across the country: the whole of France would be divided into départements, themselves divided into arrondissements, themselves divided into cantons, themselves divided into communes, no exceptions. A parish was essentially a church, the houses around it (known as the village), and the cultivated land around the village. Les trois plus importantes communes, Paris, Lyon et Marseille, ont un statut particulier vis… On 14 July 1789, at the end of the afternoon, following the storming of the Bastille, the provost of the merchants of Paris, Jacques de Flesselles, was shot by the crowd on the steps of Paris City Hall. Terri toires-fr.fr. Annuaire des villes et mairies de France. A commune in France is a local 'administrative unit' and can be as small as a few hectares - or as large as Paris! In Toulouse, on top of there being six intercommunal structures, the main community of Toulouse and its suburbs is only a community of agglomeration, although Toulouse is large enough to create an Urban Community according to the law. The expression "intercommunality" (intercommunalité) denotes several forms of cooperation between communes. 8.986 million (=13.9%) reside in 25,453 communes that have a population of less than 1,000. [citation needed], Two famous examples of this are Toulouse and Paris. French communes were created at the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789–1790. [2][3] This is a considerably higher total than that of any other European country, because French communes still largely reflect the division of France into villages or parishes at the time of the French Revolution. The following lists give the communes of France within each department: Metropolitan France. [citation needed], Moreover, intercommunal structures in many urban areas are still new, and fragile: Tensions exist between communes; the city at the center of the urban area often is suspected of wishing to dominate the suburban communes; communes from opposing political sides also may be suspicious of each other. Communes de france - Base des codes postaux Enrichissement du fichier fourni par la Poste avec les noms de régions, départements et commune en lettre … Foundation for Intentional Community (FIC) is a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. However, in many places local feuds have arisen, and it was not possible to set up an intercommunal structure for the whole of the urban area: some communes refusing to take part in it, or even creating their own structure. 500 715 habitants. Liste des communes Le tableau suivant donne la liste des communes, en précisant leur code Insee , leur code postal principal, leur arrondissement, leur canton, leur appartenance aux principales structures intercommunales, leur superficie et leur population, d'après les chiffres de l' Insee issus du recensement 2017 [ Note 1 ] , [ 5 ] . All communes have names, but not all named geographic areas or groups of people residing together are communes ("lieu dit" or "bourg"), the difference residing in the lack of administrative powers. What the median population tells us is that the vast majority of the French communes only have a few hundred inhabitants; but there are also a small number of communes within much higher populations. Liste des communes. On 1 January 2007, there were 2,573 such communities in metropolitan France (including five syndicats d'agglomération nouvelle, a category currently being phased out), made up of 33,327 communes (91.1 percent of all the communes of metropolitan France), and 52.86 million inhabitants, i.e. there was no uniform status for these chartered cities, each one having its own status and specific organization. These structures have been left untouched by the Chevènement law, and they are on the decline. The two communes in the French Republic with the longest names (38 letters): Three digits (department or collectivity) and two digits (commune) for the, This page was last edited on 29 December 2020, at 16:42. The Revolutionaries were inspired by Cartesian ideas as well as by the philosophy of the Enlightenment. This is what the Chevènement law was concerned with, and it distinguished three structures with fiscal power: Apart from the above cases, the communes with the fewest inhabitants in the French Republic are: The largest commune of the French Republic is, The smallest commune of the French Republic is, In metropolitan France the largest commune is the commune of, The commune of the French Republic farthest away from Paris is the commune of, In continental France (i.e. Often the local syndicate has been turned officially into a community of communes, the new community of communes in fact managing only the services previously managed by the syndicate, contrary to the spirit of the law which has established the new intercommunal structures to carry out a much broader range of activities than that undertaken by the old syndicates. Terminology. Although in the Middle Ages the provosts of the merchants symbolized the independence of Paris and even had openly rebelled against King Charles V, their office had been suppressed by the king, then reinstated but with strict control from the king, and so they had ended up being viewed by the people as yet another representative of the king, no longer the embodiment of a free municipality. Le tableau suivant donne la liste des communes, en précisant leur code Insee, leur code postal principal, leur arrondissement, leur canton, leur appartenance aux principales structures intercommunales, leur superficie et leur population, d'après les chiffres de l'Insee issus du recensement 2017 [Note 1], [3]. Some say that, should government money transfers be stopped, many of these communities of communes would revert to their former status of syndicate, or simply completely disappear in places where there were no syndicates prior to the law. Vous trouverez ici la liste de toutes les mairies de France classées par département. The communes of France's overseas départements such as Réunion and French Guiana are large by French standards. This is still the case today. To better grasp the staggering number of communes in France, two comparisons can be made: First, of the original 15 member states of the European Union there are approximately 75,000 communes; France alone, which comprises 16 percent of the population of the EU-15, had nearly half of its communes. Alsace has more than double the total number of municipalities of the Netherlands which, in spite of having a population nine times larger and a land area four times larger than Alsace, is divided into just 390 municipalities (gemeenten). The whole territory of the French Republic is divided into communes; even uninhabited mountains or rain forests are dependent on a commune for their administration. These municipal arrondissements are not to be confused with the arrondissements that are subdivisions of French départements: French communes are considered legal entities, whereas municipal arrondissements, by contrast, have no official capacity and no budget of their own. This was a real revolution for the thousands of villages that never had experienced organized municipal life before. ④ Route planner Structures with fiscal power. In Réunion, demographic expansion and sprawling urbanization have resulted in the administrative splitting of some communes. Paris in fact was one of the very few communes of France whose limits were extended to take into account the expansion of the urbanized area. Vous trouverez ici la liste de toutes les communes de France classées par département. A communal house had to be built in each of these villages, which would house the meetings of the municipal council as well as the administration of the commune. Le tableau suivant donne la liste des communes, en précisant leur code Insee, leur code postal principal, leur arrondissement, leur canton, leur appartenance aux principales structures intercommunales, leur superficie et leur population, d'après les chiffres de l'Insee issus du recensement 2017 [Note 1], [2]. This is because the suburban communes refused an urban community for fear of losing too much power, and opted for a community of agglomeration, despite the fact that a community of agglomeration receives less government funds than an urban community. – "In the name of the law, I declare you united by the bonds of marriage."). Moreover, citizens from one village may be unwilling to have their local services run by an executive located in another village, whom they may consider unaware of or inattentive to their local needs. Un an plus tard : 1 852 panneaux agrémentaient déjà le blog, plus de 30 personnes avaient adhéré à l’idée et contribuaient régulièrement à enrichir ce blog participatif. On the other hand, cities and towns have grown so much that their urbanized area is now extending far beyond the limits of their commune which were set at the time of the revolution. Nom de la ville: Code postal: Département: Habitants In other words, just 8 percent of the French population live in 57 percent of its communes, whilst 92 percent are concentrated in the remaining 43 percent. Ce tableau liste les communes de France de 30 000 habitants et plus en 2011 sur la base du décret no 2013-1289 du 27 décembre 2013 authentifiant les chiffres des populations de métropole, des départements d'outre-mer, de Saint-Barthélemy, de Saint-Martin et de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon6. Each commune is governed by a mayor (maire) elected for a 6-year term. The rights and obligations of communes are governed by the Code général des collectivités territoriales (CGCT) which replaced the Code des communes (except for personnel matters) with the passage of the law of 21 February 1996 for legislation and decree number 2000-318 of 7 April 2000 for regulations.[10][11]. Communes are based on historical geographic communities or villages and are vested with significant powers to manage the populations and land of the geographic area covered. 50 parishes in the case of Paris), and they were usually enclosed by a defensive wall. Communes de France. Our main office is located at Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage, MO, USA. Ainsi, au 1 er janvier 2016 , la France ne comptait plus que 35 868 communes hors Mayotte , ou 35 885 communes en incluant les 17 communes de Mayotte [ 1 ] . Les communes sont régies par le titre XII de la Constitution de 1958 et la deuxième partie du code général des collectivités territoriales. A commune is the smallest and oldest administrative division in France. En France, la commune est une collectivité territoriale1, consistant en un territoire administré par une municipalité, formée par un conseil municipal, le maire ainsi que, le cas échéant, un ou plusieurs adjoints. Au 1 er janvier 2019, la France, y compris Mayotte, compte 34 970 communes.Au 1 er janvier 2017, 66 524 000 habitants vivent en France hors Mayotte. The new, larger, commune of Paris was set up under the oversight of Emperor Napoléon III in 1859, but after 1859 the limits of Paris rigidified. All of these communes would have equal status, they would all have a mayor at their head, and a municipal council elected by the inhabitants of the commune. Commune of France is the leader of the Syndicalist Internationale and maintains good relations with almost all socialist countries and major socialist movements (such as the CNT-FAI) around the world. French kings often prided themselves on ruling over a "realm of 100,000 steeples". Syndicates can be set up for a particular purpose or to deal with several simultaneous matters. Vous pouvez obtenir ici le nom de toutes les communes de France, avec leur code INSEE et leur code postal. This article is about the municipal administrations of France. [7] In comparison, the number of communes in Alsace was only reduced from 945 in 1971[8][9] (just before the Marcellin law aimed at encouraging French communes to merge with each other was passed, see Current debate section below) to 904 in January 2007. Mainly in this category are the traditional syndicates of communes. Those without fiscal power, the loosest form of intercommunality. Therefore, when they created the communes, they deprived them of any legal "personality" (as they did with the départements), with only the central state having legal "personality." There are about 36,000 communes in total across the country. This was fewer than the 60,000 parishes that existed before the revolution (in cities and towns, parishes were merged into one single commune; in the countryside, some very small parishes were merged with bigger ones), but 41,000 was still a considerable number, without any comparison in the world at the time, except in the empire of China (but there, only county level and above had any permanent administration). Communes can leave the syndicate at any time. Other examples of retained names in the languages once spoken, or still spoken, on French territory: INSEE (Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques) gives numerical indexing codes to various entities in France, notably the communes (which do not coincide with postcodes). [1] "Commune" in English has a historical bias, and implies an association with socialist political movements or philosophies, collectivist lifestyles, or particular history (after the rising of the Paris Commune, 1871, which could have more felicitously been called, in English, "the rising of the City of Paris"). There are only a few exceptions: Furthermore, two regions without permanent habitation have no communes: In metropolitan France, the average area of a commune in 2004 was 14.88 square kilometres (5.75 sq mi). Thus, in Europe, only Switzerland has as high a density of communes as France, and even there an extensive merger movement has started in the last 10 years. Since the PLM Law of 1982, three French communes also have a special status in that they are further divided into municipal arrondissements: these are Paris, Marseille, and Lyon. Parishes lacked the municipal structures of post-Revolution communes. [13], These impressive results however may hide a murkier reality. It would take Napoleon I to re-establish peace in France, stabilize the new administrative system, and make it generally accepted by the population. A commune is the smallest and oldest administrative division in France. " Consequently, the Alsace region—despite having a land area only one-fifth the size and a total population only one-sixth of that of its neighbor Baden-Württemberg—has almost as many municipalities. The Jacobin revolutionaries were afraid of independent local powers, which they saw as conservative and opposed to the revolution, and so they favored a powerful central state. Either search by alphabetical order or see the communes listed by department. It shows the distinctive nature of the French commune as a geo-political or administrative entity. The United Kingdom has no exact equivalent, as communes resemble districts in urban areas, but are closer to parishes in rural areas where UK districts are much larger. Usually, there was no mayor in the modern sense; all the échevins or consuls were on equal footing, and rendered decisions collegially. 2 229 621 habitants. Entre 2007 et 2017, la population a augmenté de 0,5 % par an en moyenne, soit 292 400 personnes supplémentaires chaque année. The median population given here should not hide the fact that there are pronounced differences in size between French communes. Communes vary widely in size and area, from large sprawling cities with millions of inhabitants like Paris, to small hamlets with only a handful of inhabitants. So far, however, local conservatism has been strong, and no mandatory merging proposal ever has made it past committee in the French Parliament. Communes themselves then form part of one of the 96 departments of France, which themselves are part of the 22 regions of metropolitan France. Quelques villes de France. Communes de moins de 10 habitants en 2017. Contribute to high54/Communes-France-JSON development by creating an account on GitHub. Mergers, however, are not easy to achieve. Liste des villes de France au format JSON. The size of the municipal council, the method of electing the municipal council, the maximum allowable pay of the mayor and deputy mayors, and municipal campaign finance limits (among other features) all depend on the population echelon into which a particular commune falls. Par exemple, les enregistrements avec comme valeur "2018" dans le champ Année correspondent aux communes françaises existantes au 1er Janvier 2018. For the government of Paris in 1871, see, France territorial subdivision for municipalities, A request that this article title be changed to, Communes farthest away from the capital city of France, Learn how and when to remove this template message, French villages destroyed in the First World War, Saint-Remy-en-Bouzemont-Saint-Genest-et-Isson, Beaujeu-Saint-Vallier-Pierrejux-et-Quitteur, List of fifteen largest French metropolitan areas by population, Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques, "Code officiel géographique — Présentation", Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, "Code des collectivités d'outre-mer (COM)", "Le code officiel géographique (COG), avant, pendant et autour (Version 3, volume 1)", "Circonscriptions administratives au 1er janvier 2015 : comparaisons régionales", "25 Jahre Gemeindereform Baden-Württemberg; hier: Neuordnung der Gemeinden", "Statistique des communes (fin de l'Ancien Régime et xixe siècle)", Direction générale des collectivités locales (DGCL), Ministry of the Interior, "Répartition des EPCI à fiscalité propre par département au 01/01/2007", Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2017, Le développement de l'intercommunalité: la révolution discrète, Complete lists of cities and municipalities in France, List of administrative divisions by country, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communes_of_France&oldid=997013785, Fourth-level administrative country subdivisions, Articles that may contain original research from January 2015, All articles that may contain original research, Articles needing additional references from April 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from November 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2011, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, these municipal bodies were not democratic; they were usually in the hands of some rich bourgeois families upon whom, over time, nobility had been conferred, so they can be better labeled as.