Sąd w Córdobie uznał go winnym śmierci 31 więźniów politycznych w czasie rządów junty w latach 70. i 80.[2]. [10], Jorge Rafael Videla was born on 2 August 1925 in the city of Mercedes. [72] Hernán Lombardi, Minister of Culture of Buenos Aires city, praised Argentine democracy for having tried and sentenced the dictator. They became known as the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (Madres de Plaza de Mayo). Scor from Poison Bugs (the tail sucks) ... Les plus hauts responsables de la junte, dont le Président et Commandant en Chef Videla lui-même, n’hésitent pas à annoncer qu’ils procèderont à « l’annihilation » de la subversion, dans une optique de « guerre totale ». [41], Martínez de Hoz took measures to restore economic growth, reversing Peronism in favour of a free market economy. On 30 April 1977, Azucena Villaflor, along with 13 other women, started demonstrations on the Plaza de Mayo, in front of the Casa Rosada presidential palace, demanding to be told the whereabouts of their disappeared children. A military junta was formed, made up of him, representing the Army; Admiral Emilio Massera representing the Navy; and Brigadier General Orlando Ramón Agosti representing the Air Force.[15]. 12 juin 2012. General Jorge Rafael Videla was the dictator who brought terror to his country in the second half of the 1970s, plunging it into a “dirty war” against subversion. Oficjalne dane mówią o 9 tysiącach ofiar, inne źródła szacują, że dyktator zabił od 15 do 30 tysięcy osób[1]. Albano Eduardo Harguindeguy (born 1927) was a general of the Argentine Army, and the interior minister of Argentina under dictator Jorge Rafael Videla, during the National Reorganization Process (1976–1983).. Harguindeguy, allegedly involved in human rights abuses, benefitted from the pardon human rights abuses, benefitted from the pardon [72] Ricardo Alfonsín said it was good that Videla had died in prison. Translator. Pour le quotidien La Nación, le général Videla est "le symbole de la dictature militaire". We're a community of creatives sharing everything Minecraft! La dictature de Videla en Argentine. His representative, Antonio Samoré, successfully prevented full-scale war. Two of these, Rafael Patricio and Fernando Gabriel, joined the Argentine Army.[11]. Avec notre correspondant à Buenos Aires, Jean-Louis Buchet S’il y a un homme qui a symbolisé la sanglante dictature militaire au pouvoir en Argentine entre 1976 et 1983, c’est bien Jorge Videla. [13] In August 1975, the President, Isabel Perón, appointed Videla to the Army's senior position, the General Commander of the Army. Henry Kissinger would meet several times with Argentine Armed Forces leaders after the coup, urging them to destroy their opponents quickly before outcry over human rights abuses grew in the United States. Former Argentine military ruler Jorge Videla goes on trial for the murder of more than 30 political prisoners in 1976. The military junta is remembered for the forced disappearances of large numbers of students. Działała lewicowa partyzantka (Rewolucyjna Armia Ludu i Montoneros) oraz zbrojne grupy prawicy peronistowskiej. [76][77][78][79][80], Unlike most other countries, in the Armed Forces of Argentina, the Army rank of Lieutenant General (. “War, by nature, is cruel,” Videla said. Il est très vraisemblable que Videla et lui ont scellé un pacte de mort : l’équipe péruvienne prenait une déculotté (les Argentins devaient gagner par quatre buts d’écart pour se qualifier en demi-finale) et Videla s’occupait d’éliminer treize ressortissants péruviens opposés à la dictature. This video is unavailable. The new government began prosecution of top-ranking officers for crimes committed during the dictatorship in what was called the Trial of the Juntas of 1985. Pendant que la foule argentine acclame ses héros bleus ciel et blancs, des opposants du régime de Jorge Videla sont assasinés dans le plus grand secret. [46] The period ended in a tenfold devaluation and one of the worst financial crisis in Argentine history. During July and August 1975, Videla was the Head of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (Estado Mayor Conjunto) of the Argentine Armed Forces. In a televised address to the nation, President Menem said, "I have signed the decrees so we may begin to rebuild the country in peace, in liberty and in justice ... We come from long and cruel confrontations. Le 24 mars 1976, le général argentin Jorge Rafael Videla, placé à la tête d’une junte militaire argentine, opère un coup d’État qui renverse la présidence d’Isabel Perón.Une sévère dictature militaire est alors instaurée ; une dictature que répressions, détentions, tortures et exécutions viennent alimenter. [26], According to human right groups, an estimated 15,000 to 30,000[27] Argentines "disappeared" while in the custody of the police or the military. W 1973 roku awansowany do stopnia generała brygadiera. L’Argentine est ainsi le dernier pays du Cône sud à basculer dans la dictature. In this photo taken July 13, 2012, former Argentine dictator Jorge Rafael Videla is escorted to a courtroom in Buenos Aires, Argentina. [7] Three days later, Videla took full responsibility for his army's actions during his rule, saying, "I accept the responsibility as the highest military authority during the internal war. [48][49][50], The US State Department saw Argentina as a bulwark of anti-communism in South America and in early April 1976, the US Congress approved a request by the Ford Administration, written by Henry Kissinger, to grant $50,000,000 in security assistance to the junta. [62] He was ordered to be transferred to a civilian prison immediately after the trial. ^ L'Eglise et la dictature argentine ^ Horacio Morel, Videla: quoi penser face à des crimes du dictateur catholique ^ Videla, la douleur quotidienne de la dictature argentine ^ Un modèle de diplomatie. Historian Daniel Muchnik attributed this to many Jews gravitating to political activism and armed resistance groups such as the ERP and FAP during the period. AAP May 18, 2013 3:48am. Videla came from a long line of military officers dating back to Argentina's war of independence from Spain. Zmarł 17 maja 2013 w więzieniu w Buenos Aires z przyczyn naturalnych[1]. [33] Terence Roehrig estimates that of the disappeared "at least 10,000 were involved in various ways with the guerrillas". Il gravit progressivement les échelons et devient général de brigade en 1971, puis chef d'état-major de l'armée en 1973. Depuis deux ans, le « Général » Videla mène une « guerre sale » qui consiste à torturer et tuer les personnes soupçonnées d’opposition à La Junte . https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Rafael_Videla&oldid=60092196, Odznaczeni Orderem Wyzwoliciela San Martina, licencji Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach, Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność. Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo[1] (/vɪˈdɛlə/; Spanish: [ˈxoɾxe rafaˈel biˈðela]; 2 August 1925 – 17 May 2013) was a General Commander of the Army, member of military junta and dictator of Argentina for five years. [19], The members of the junta took advantage of the guerrilla threat to authorize the coup and naming the period in government as the "National Reorganization Process". An estimated 13,000[2] to 30,000[3] political dissidents vanished during this period. BUENOS AIRES, Argentina (AP) — Former dictator Jorge Rafael Videla, who took power over Argentina in a 1976 coup and led a military junta that killed thousands of his fellow citizens in a dirty war to eliminate so-called "subversives," died quietly in his sleep Friday while serving life in prison for crimes against humanity. [71], Several Argentine politicians commented on his death. Many of those militaries that participated in the dictature are imprisoned for life, Having as an example Jorge Rafael Videla, dead while in prison. 2 sierpnia 1925 w Mercedes w Argentynie, zm. Between 200 and 300 Jews were subject to attacks, often by their superiors.[37][38]. Contexte Pour comprendre la singularité et les particularités de la dernière dictature argentine (1976-1983), la plus cruelle expérience en matière de violation des droits de l'homme dans le Cône Sud de l’Amérique Latine, il convient de la replacer dans le contexte historique du XXe siècle argentin. Country: Argentina Terms: De Facto President 03/24/1976 to 03/29/1981 Preceded by: Isabel Peron Succeeded by: Roberto Viola. Even if you don't post your own creations, we appreciate feedback on ours. Les honneurs militaires ne seront pas rendus à Jorge Videla à l'occasion de ses obsèques car son grade de général de l'armée argentine lui a été retiré. Il est diplômé du collège militaire national en 1944, puis nommé officier. [73] Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Argentine recipient of the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize, said, "The death of Videla should not delight anybody, we have to keep working for a better society, more just, more humane, so that all that horror never happens again".[74]. More Skins by that_typical_argentine. Latest Stories. Upon the death of President Juan Perón, his widow and Vice President Isabel became President. Durant la dictature de Videla, 500 bébés on été enlevé de leur mères à la naissance. Une dictature est … En 1978, elle s'était déroulée en Argentine dans un contexte très particulier. L'Argentine a connu au XX e siècle plusieurs régimes dictatoriaux, dont le plus connu est : la junte de 1976-1983 (dirigée au départ par le général Jorge Rafael Videla) Les autres comptent : la dictature de José Félix Uriburu dans les années 1930, dite aussi Décennie infâme ; Photos des personnes disparues durant la dictature. His grandfather Jacinto had been governor of San Luis between 1891 and 1893, and his great-great-grandfather Blas Videla had fought in the Spanish American wars of independence and had later been a leader of the Unitarian Party in San Luis. [27] Some 1,500 to 4,000 were drugged into a stupor, loaded into military aircraft, stripped naked and then thrown into the Rio de la Plata and Atlantic Ocean to drown in what became known as "death flights. Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo was a General Commander of the Army, member of military junta and dictator of Argentina for five years. My subordinates followed my orders," he told an Argentine court. Le procès du plan Condor et les liens avec les patrons By june of 2019, 130 of these adoptees had their identities restored. Demokracja została przywrócona w 1983 roku. So far, the outcome is in doubt. Following the election of President Néstor Kirchner in 2003, there was a renewed widespread effort in Argentina to show the illegality of Videla's rule. W 1973 roku awansowany do stopnia generała brygadiera. Videla was always a practising Roman Catholic. During this time, the country was ruled by a military junta headed by General Augusto Pinochet. Full name: Jorge Rafael Videla Redondo Gender: Male. His economic measures were moderately successful. None of the tried ex-officers has provided details about the fate of those missing. In response, the junta hired the Burson-Marsteller ad agency to formulate a pithy comeback: Los argentinos somos derechos y humanos (Literally, "We the Argentines are righteous and humane"). [70], Human rights organizations throughout the political compass denounced Videla, saying that he died without admitting that he was aware of the disappeared persons and kidnapped children. videla-argentine-dictator. The children whom they bore in prison were taken from them, illegally adopted by military families of the regime, and their identities were hidden for decades. On 19 May 1976, he attended a luncheon with a group of Argentine intellectuals, including Ernesto Sábato, Jorge Luis Borges, Horacio Esteban Ratti (president of the Argentine Writers Society) and Father Leonardo Castellani. [6], Following a new trial, on 22 December 2010, Videla was sentenced to life in a civilian prison for the deaths of 31 prisoners following his coup. [42], He enjoyed the personal friendship of David Rockefeller, who facilitated Chase Manhattan Bank and International Monetary Fund loans of nearly US$1 billion after of his arrival. [39] The Asamblea por los Derechos Humanos (APDH or Assembly for Human Rights) believes that 12,261 people were killed or disappeared during the "National Reorganization Process". Argentina's former dictator Jorge Videla dies . La date de l'inhumation n'était pas connue vendredi. Je vous invite à lire ces 2 commentaires sur la dictature de Videla en Argentine, qui offrent une autre manière de lire l'histoire que celle présentée par Paranagua, l'auteur de l'article. La dictature militaire argentine de 1976 - 1983. Former dictator Jorge Rafael Videla, who has died in prison at the age of 87, still has the power to open wounds in Argentine society, Ignacio de los Reyes reports. Due to health issues, he was later transferred to house arrest.[58][59]. Videla was imprisoned for five years. La dictature de Videla, qui a duré de 1976 à 1983, a entrainé la disparition de 30 000 personnes. Translate texts with the world's best machine translation technology, developed by the creators of Linguee. [54], Videla used the 1978 FIFA World Cup for political purposes. Videla -- who presided over Argentina's "Dirty War" -- has died in prison while serving a life sentence for crimes against humanity, according to local television reports. Pour le quotidien Clarin, Videla était "l'idéologue de la terreur de la pire dictature de l'Argentine". The slogan was printed on 250,000 bumper stickers and distributed to motorists throughout Buenos Aires to create the appearance of a spontaneous support of pro-junta sentiment, at a cost of approximately $16,117. But one of Videla’s key backers, the late President Ronald Reagan, continues to be honored by Americans. He was 87. [20] Videla narrowly escaped three assassination attempts by the Montoneros and ERP between February 1976 and April 1977. W tym samym roku został szefem sztabu generalnego armii. The latter expressed him his concern regarding the disappearance of another writer, Haroldo Conti.[53]. Many torture victims were said to have seen pictures of Adolf Hitler and swastikas on walls of torture chambers and interrogators uttering anti-Semitic epithets. He came to power in a coup d'état that deposed Isabel Martínez de Perón. [40] Politically, all legislative power was concentrated in the hands of Videla's nine-man junta, and every important position in the national government was filled with loyal military officers. [51], But the new President Jimmy Carter highlighted issues of human rights and in 1978 secured a congressional cutoff of all US arms transfers to Argentina.[52]. May 17, 2013, 6:37 AM. Linguee. Videla joined the National Military College (Colegio Militar de la Nación) on 3 March 1942 and graduated on 21 December 1944 with the rank of second lieutenant. [11], On 7 April 1948, Jorge Videla married Alicia Raquel Hartridge (born on 28 September 1927) daughter of Samuel Alejandro Hartridge Parkes (1891–1969), an English Argentine professor of physics and Argentine ambassador to Turkey, and María Isabel Lacoste Álvarez (1893–1939). Former Argentine dictator Jorge Rafael Videla dies, imprisoned for crimes against humanity. Rétrospective. [44], He freed exports (removed existing prohibitions and quotas and export taxes were repealed) and imports (removed existing prohibitions, quotas, and licenses and gradually reduced import tariffs). Yahoo News. La défaite de l’armée argentine marqua la fin de la dictature. 2 sierpnia 1925 w Mercedes w Argentynie, zm. [4], According to Human rights organisations in Argentina, between 1,900 and 3,000 Jews were among the 30,000 who were targeted by the Argentine military junta. The military junta took power during a period of terrorist attacks from the Marxist groups ERP, the Montoneros, FAL, FAR and FAP, who had gone underground after Juan Perón's death in July 1974, and violent right-wing kidnappings, tortures and assassinations from the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance, led by José López Rega, Perón's Minister of Social Welfare, and other death squads. [43], He eliminated all price controls and the exchange controls regime. [4] On 5 July 2010, Videla took full responsibility for his army's actions during his rule. The former Argentine dictator died of … Jorge Rafael Videla, (born August 2, 1925, Mercedes, Argentina—died May 17, 2013, Buenos Aires), career military officer who was president of Argentina from 1976 to 1981. William Michael Schmidli, "Human rights and the Cold War: the campaign to halt the Argentine 'dirty war'’", Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations, National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons, Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, to create the appearance of a spontaneous support, https://www.geni.com/people/Tte-General-Jorge-Rafael-Videla-Redondo-Presidente-de-Argentina/6000000017352183248, "Una duda histórica: no se sabe cuántos son los desaparecidos", "40 years later, the mothers of Argentina's 'disappeared' refuse to be silent", "El exdictador Videla llama terroristas a las madres de los bebés robados en Argentina – ABC.es", "Argentina's Videla: 'Troops followed my orders' BBC news", "Former Argentine dictator Videla jailed for life", "El dictador Videla, condenado a 50 años de cárcel por el robo de niños", "Videla murio golpe cabeza cuando resbalo-ducha", Who’s is Who in Latin America: Part V, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, Predatory States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America, "Argentine president escapes third assassination attempt", "The Victims: Abducted, Tortured, Vanished", Argentine Tells of Dumping 'Dirty War' Captives Into Sea, Victims of 'death flights': Drugged, dumped by aircraft – but not forgotten, "Oud-dictator Videla: onder mijn bewind duizenden mensen vermoord,", "Jorge Rafael Videla, Argentinian dictator who killed Jews, dies", "Videla and the Jews of Argentina: The Closing of a Painful Circle", https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jorge-Rafael-Videla, https://www.britannica.com/place/Argentina/Military-government-1966-73, https://www.elhistoriador.com.ar/lo-que-pienso-de-martinez-de-hoz/, http://martinezdehoz.com/words/Los_anios_de_Martinez_de_Hoz_por_Juan_Alemann.pdf, http://martinezdehoz.com/politica_economica.php, "Military Take Cognizance of Human Rights Issue", "Kissinger approved Argentinian 'dirty war, On 30th Anniversary of Argentine Coup: New Declassified Details on Repression and U.S. Support for Military Dictatorship, The Story Of The 1978 World cup – BBC Article, "Pardon of Argentine Officers Angers Critics of the Military", "Videla durmió en su domicilio luego de 38 días de detención", "Argentine court overturns "Dirty War" pardon", "Argentina former leader Jorge Videla jailed for life", "Former Argentine dictator Jorge Videla sentenced to life in prison", "Argentina: Ex-Dictator Sentenced in Murders", "Former dictators found guilty in Argentine baby-stealing trial", https://www.pagina12.com.ar/200102-abuelas-presento-al-nieto-130, "Argentina ex-military leader Jorge Rafael Videla dies", "Murió el ex dictador Jorge Rafael Videla (Spanish)", "Videla murio golpe cabeza cuando resbaló en la ducha", "Jorge Rafael Videla no recibirá honores militares en su funeral", "Los políticos hablan de la muerte de Jorge Rafael Videla", "Ricardo Alfonsín sobre Jorge Rafael Videla: "En la Argentina hubo justicia, "Pérez Esquivel: "La muerte de Jorge Rafael Videla no debe alegrar a nadie, "Videla murió juzgado, condenado y preso en una cárcel común", "DefesaNet - America Latina - VIDELA - Epitáfio de um general", "Morre aos 87 Jorge Rafael Videla, ditador argentino entre 1976 e 1981 - 17/05/2013 - Mundo - Folha de S.Paulo", "General Jorge Rafael Videla: Dictator who brought terror to Argentina", Jorge Rafaél Videla Biography: Dictator, Murderer, General (1925–2013), Ex-Argentine Dictator Sentenced to Life in Prison, "Former Dictator of Argentina Found Guilty Of Crimes Against Humanity", Supreme directors of the United Provinces, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Rafael_Videla&oldid=994355506, Argentine people convicted of crimes against humanity, Heads of government who were later imprisoned, Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Argentina, Prisoners who died in Argentine detention, Argentine politicians convicted of crimes, Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 08:27. [36] It is a disproportionate number, as Jews comprised between 5–12% of those targeted but only 1% of the population. Argentina's former dictator Jorge Rafael Videla during his trial in Cordoba, on July 22, 2010. In 2005, the Argentine Supreme Court ruled that the law had been unconstitutional. The Baltimore Sun reported at the beginning of 1976 that, In the jungle-covered mountains of Tucuman, long known as 'Argentina's garden', Argentines are fighting Argentines in a Vietnam-style civil war. FILE - In this June 1978 file photo, Gen. Jorge Rafael Videla talks to journalists at the Buenos Aires Government Palace, in Argentina. "'Viet war' growing in Argentina," James Nelson Goodsell. He was born on August 2, 1925, in Mercedes, a town in Buenos Aires province. General Jorge Videla, Argentina's dictator at the height of its "Dirty War" against leftist activists, died in prison while serving time for crimes against humanity. There was a wound to heal. Videla was convicted of numerous homicides, kidnapping, torture, and many other crimes. En 1978, le début de la médiation du Saint-Siège entre le Chili et l'Argentine , Dans L'Osservatore Romano, 24 octobre 2008. Videla's family was a prominent one in San Luis Province, and many of his ancestors had held high public offices. "[5] On 22 December 2010, the trial ended, and Videla was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. [61], He was put on trial on 2 July 2010 for new charges of human rights violations relating to the deaths of 31 prisoners who died under his rule. "[56], Videla briefly returned to prison in 1998 when a judge found him guilty of the kidnapping of babies during the Dirty War, including the child of the desaparecida Silvia Quintela, and the disappearances of the commanders of the People's Revolutionary Army (ERP), Mario Roberto Santucho and Benito Urteaga. Życiorys. Democracy was restored in 1983. 6 nov. 2016 - Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Le sigle du Nazisme, un des logos et drapeau officiel de la dictature allemande sous Adolf Hitler. The black market and shortages disappeared. He was 87. 17 maja 2013 w Marcos Paz) – dyktator, formalnie prezydent Argentyny w latach 1976–1981. Jorge Rafael Videla, né à Mercedes dans la province de Buenos Aires le 2 août 1925 et mort en prison le 17 mai 20131,2, est un général et homme d'État argentin. [69] According to a 2009 ruling by the military, he (and others convicted of human rights violations) were not eligible for a military funeral. L’ancien dictateur argentin Jorge Rafael Videla terminera ses jours en prison. According to the court decision, Videla was an accomplice "in the crimes of theft, retention and hiding of minors, as well as replacing their identities. Roll Random Skin! W ciągu kilku najbliższych lat junta zabiła tysiące ludzi[1]. Najważniejsze stanowiska rządowe wypełnił personelem wojskowym. “War, by nature, is cruel” Videla said. Ses recherches portent sur la dictature argentine, les associations de victimes, les politiques et les lieux de mémoire. Jorge Rafael Videla était à la tête de la junte militaire qui a organisé, le 24 mars 1976, un coup d'Etat militaire contre la présidente Isabel Perón, en Argentine. The report was published in 1984 and documented the sweeping brutality and repression imposed by the military during its seven year rule. Les élections de mars 1973, marquant le triomphe du Videla relinquished power to Roberto Viola on 29 March 1981; the military regime continued until it collapsed after losing the Falklands war in 1982. The political process initiated on 24 March 1976, took the official name of National … Watch Queue Queue. Once the democratic rule was restored in 1983, the Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina (Tratado de Paz y Amistad), which acknowledged Chilean sovereignty over the islands, was signed and ratified by popular referendum. "[65] The children were given to military families for illegal adoption, and their identities were hidden. In 1990, President Carlos Menem pardoned Videla and many other imprisoned former members of the military regime. "[63] During the trial, Videla had said that "yesterday's enemies are in power and from there, they are trying to establish a Marxist regime" in Argentina. In this photo taken July 13, 2012, former Argentine dictator Jorge Rafael Videla is escorted to a courtroom in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Videla został postawiony przed sądem, uznany za winnego i skazany na dożywotnie więzienie. Jorge Rafael Videla, un dictateur argentin. He largely left economic policies in the hands of Minister José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz, who adopted a free trade and deregulatory economic policy. W 1981 roku przekazał urząd prezydenta generałowi Roberto Eduardo Violi. [66], On 17 May 2013, Videla was reported as having died of natural causes in his sleep while serving his sentence at a Marcos Paz prison. Join us! A terrorist is not just someone with a gun or a bomb, but also someone who spreads ideas that are contrary to Western and Christian civilization. "[28][29][30][31] Between 10,000 and 12,000[32] of the "disappeared," PEN (Poder Ejecutivo Nacional) detainees held in clandestine detention camps throughout the dictatorship, were eventually released under diplomatic pressure.